Conversion from steam to hot water district heating can increase energy efficiency and facilitate access to low-carbon heat sources. This presentation addresses strategies for optimizing design of a successful campus conversion through integrated analysis of capital and operating cost trade-offs relative to: conversion of building systems; district heating supply and return temperatures; piping materials; dispatch of heat sources including impact of temperature on heat pump COP; and campus disruption during construction.Session Track 7A
Mark Spurr, FVB Energy Inc.