Nature.com
Summary
District heating (DH) has risen as a crucial energy supply infrastructure in order to effectively provide heatand cooling to consumers over the last few decades 1 . DH is superior in many aspects compared to other energysupply options, which include having a lower carbon footprint, the integration of multiple heat sources, andhigh energy throughput. The latest fourth and fifth generations of DH can utilize several heat sources, whichinclude combined heat and power (CHP), gas boilers, water-source heat pumps (HPs), ground-source HPs, andsolar energy-based HPs. The recent literature focused more on developing simulation frameworks and effectiveapproaches in regards to designing and optimizing DH systems in terms of the economic and energetic factors,which is due to the fast development of DH technologies2,3. Storage technology is also a hot topic, because it helpsdecouple heat production and the demand to increase DH efficiency 4 . The following articles 1,5 were reviewed inorder to obtain the latest information about DH networks.
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