Social Europe
Summary
Europe stands at a critical juncture in its energy transition. The imperative to strengthen competitiveness, slash emissions, and shield citizens from energy price shocks has never been more urgent. Geothermal energy—local, steady, and renewable—offers a compelling piece of the solution that deserves far greater attention than it currently receives. Iceland’s remarkable transformation demonstrates what becomes possible when political will meets geological opportunity.
Reykjavík led the charge, constructing and rapidly expanding a large-scale geothermal district heating system within just a few years. By the late 1970s, virtually every household in the capital had connected to geothermal district heating. Other municipalities quickly followed, often completing their transitions within a single decade. This swift transformation succeeded through a combination of unwavering government commitment, rare cross-party consensus, and innovative financing mechanisms that enabled households to switch with minimal upfront costs.
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