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Summary
To be struck by one energy crisis may be regarded as a misfortune; to have four at once looks like carelessness. Europe’s quadrilateral crisis consists of a post-pandemic rebound in energy demand exceeding supply; Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and reduction of gas supplies; the shutdown of much of France’s nuclear fleet by maintenance problems; and a record heatwave which vividly illustrates the perils of climate change.
To meet this winter, and the next, with little or no Russian gas, Europe should implement a crash programme of insulation, heat pumps, solar water heaters, boiler modifications and other gas-saving measures. To cope with the heatwaves that will recur more frequently and savagely as the century draws on, the continent needs better building design, natural cooling and shading, and district cooling systems, that will minimise the requirement for electron-hungry air-conditioning.
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